Wireless Communications (2)

Wireless Communications (2)

Wireless Communications

Categories of wireless implementations, devices and standards:

·         Radio communication system

·         Broadcasting

·         Amateur radio

·         Land Mobile Radio or Professional Mobile Radio: TETRA, P25, Open Sky, EDACS, DMR, dPMR

·         Cordless telephony: DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications)

·         Cellular networks: 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, Beyond 3G (4G), Future wireless

·         List of emerging technologies

·         Short-range point-to-point communication : Wireless microphones, Remote controls, IrDA, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Transfer Jet, Wireless USB, DSRC (Dedicated Short
Range Communications), En Ocean, Near Field Communication

·         Wireless sensor networks: ZigBee, En Ocean; Personal area networks, Bluetooth, Transfer Jet, Ultra-wideband (UWB from WiMedia Alliance).

·         Wireless networks: Wireless LAN (WLAN), (IEEE 802.11 branded as Wi-Fi and Hiper LAN), Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN) and (LMDS, WiMAX, and Hiper MAN)

Wireless network:

Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that uses wireless (usually, but not always radio waves) for network connections.

It is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business) installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.

Types of Wireless networks:

ü Wireless PAN

Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) interconnect devices within a relatively small area that is generally within a person's reach. For example, both Bluetooth radio and invisible infrared light provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop.

ü Wireless LAN

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution method, usually providing a connection through an access point for Internet access. The use of spread-spectrum or OFDM technologies may allow users to move around within a local coverage area, and still remain connected to the network.

ü Wireless mesh network

A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. Each node forwards messages on behalf of the other nodes. Mesh networks can "self heal", automatically re-routing around a node that has lost power.

ü Wireless MAN

Wireless metropolitan area networks are a type of wireless network that connects several wireless LANs.

ü Wireless WAN

Wireless wide area networks are wireless networks that typically cover large areas, such as between neighboring towns and cities, or city and suburb. These networks can be used to connect branch offices of business or as a public internet access system.

ü Cellular network

A cellular network or mobile network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular network, each cell characteristically uses a different set of radio frequencies from all their immediate neighboring cells to avoid any interference.

Electromagnetic spectrum of wireless:

Light, colors, AM and FM radio and electronic devices make use of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The frequencies of the radio spectrum that are available for use for communication are treated as a public resource and are regulated by national organizations such as the Federal Communications Commission in the USA, or Of com in the United Kingdom.

 This determines which frequency ranges can be used for what purpose and by whom. In the absence of such control or alternative arrangements such as a privatized electromagnetic spectrum, chaos might result if, for example, airlines didn't have specific frequencies to work under and an amateur radio operator were interfering with the pilot's ability to land an aircraft. Wireless communication spans the spectrum from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.

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