UMTS Wireless Communication System
Wireless Communications
Definition:
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).
UMTS is a component of the International
Telecommunications Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with
the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdma one technology.
UMTS uses wideband code division multiple
access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency
and bandwidth to mobile network operators.
UMTS
specifies a complete network system which uses, covering the radio access
network (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN), the core network (Mobile
Application Part, or MAP) and the authentication of users via SIM (subscriber
identity module cards).
Interfaces:
UMTS combines
three different air interfaces, GSM's Mobile
Application Part (MAP) core, and the GSM family of speech codec's.
UMTS provides
several different terrestrial air interfaces, called UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access (UTRA). All air interface options are part of ITU's IMT-2000.
In the
currently most popular variant for cellular mobile telephones,
W-CDMA
(IMT Direct Spread) is used.
UMTS Radio Network Subsystem:
This is the section of the UMTS / WCDMA
network that interfaces to both the UE and the core network. The overall radio
access network, i.e. collectively all the Radio Network Subsystem is known as
the UTRAN UMTS Radio Access Network.
The Radio Network Subsystem comprises two main components:
· Radio Network Controller, RNC:
This element of the
radio network subsystem controls the Node Bs that are connected to it.
The RNC undertakes the radio resource management and some of the
mobility management functions, although not all.
It is also the point at which the data encryption / decryption is performed to
protect the
user data from eavesdropping.
· Node B:
Node B is the term used within UMTS to denote the base station transceiver. It contains the
transmitter and receiver to communicate with the UEs within the cell.
In
order to facilitate effective handover between Node Bs under the control of
different RNCs, the RNC not only communicates with the Core Network, but also
with neighboring RNCs.
UMTS Core Network:
The
UMTS core network architecture is a migration of that used for GSM with further
elements overlaid to enable the additional functionality demanded by UMTS.
In view of the different ways in which data
may be carried, the UMTS core network may be split into two different areas:
· Circuit switched elements:
These
elements are primarily based
on the GSM network entities and carry data in a circuit switched manner, i.e. a permanent channel for the duration of the call.
The circuit switched elements of the UMTS core network architecture
include the following network entities:
ü Mobile
switching centre (MSC)
ü Gateway
MSC (GMSC)
· Packet switched elements:
These network entities are designed to carry packet data. This enables much
higher network usage as the capacity can be shared and data is carried as
packets which are routed according to their destination.
The
packet switched elements of the UMTS core network architecture include the
following network entities:
ü Serving
GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
ü Gateway
GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
ü Home
location register (HLR)
ü Equipment
identity register (EIR)
ü Authentication
centre (AuC)
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