4G Wireless Communications

4G Wireless Communications

Wireless Communications

 4G is the name given to the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communication  technology standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G) standards. It provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access

4G is around five times faster than existing 3G services. Theoretically it can provide download speeds of up to 100Mbps and 50Mbps for upload. This makes 4G is more than twice as fast as the latest 3G technology and many more times faster than previous versions. but these speeds are theoretical, and we won't achieve this in real-world use.

However, that doesn't mean 4G isn't twice as quick. In our tests, which we'll get to later, we saw speeds around three times faster on 4G compared to 3G, and an even larger improvement with uploads.

The faster speeds mean websites load quicker, and that you'll be able to stream videos and podcasts without first waiting for them to buffer. Plus, you'll be able to download large email attachments or other content from the web faster. Apps which need to download data, such as maps, will work more smoothly, especially when zooming in or out as this generally requires a lot of data. The speed differential should be akin to switching from 3G to Wi-Fi.

For video streaming and similar tasks, where you would typically require Wi-Fi for smooth performance, 4G should allow you to have a 'home broadband' experience on the move. EE expects the average speed to be between 8- and 12Mbps, potentially faster than the 5.9Mbps average for ADSL home broadband.

Faster upload speeds will also be a boon. If you hate waiting for pictures to be posted to Facebook or Twitter, for example, then this should be a much faster process over 4G.

4G networks use different frequencies to transmit data than 3G so we need a handset which has a modem that supports these new frequencies.

Two forms of 4G been developed and are in use: WiMAX and LTE.

In fact, we may recognize the first technology, as WiMAX was trialled in the UK in 2009. However, the first WiMAX network was launched by South Korean firm KT in 2006.

'LTE'  Stands for Long Term Evolution and is a type of 4G technology

The first LTE network was deployed in Scandinavia in 2009. However, it was debatable whether the speeds on offer back then were really 4G or not.

4G LTE aims to offer users faster, more reliable mobile broadband internet for devices like smart phones, tablets and laptops.

What is 4G technology?

The main reason 4G is faster than 3G is because of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It sounds complicated, but it's the same technology used in Wi-Fi, ADSL broadband, digital TV and radio.

OFDM is a technique for squeezing more data onto the same amount of radio frequency. It also reduces latency and interference. Data is split up and sent via small chunks of frequency in parallel, therefore increasing the capacity of the network.

Multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO, is another reason 4G is able to provide faster speeds. It is simply the use of multiple antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance.

This allows more data to be transferred without requiring additional bandwidth or drawing more power. The most common configuration currently is a 2x2 MIMO, found in many smart phones and some tablets. A 4x4 setup is also possible and promises even faster speeds but is still a little way off making its way onto devices. Since different setups are possible, one phone could provide faster 4G speeds than another.

With 3G handsets, most of us take roaming for granted. We take our phones travelling around the world, and expect to be able to pick up emails and browse websites as soon as we land. Things are different with 4G.

Although there are 4G networks in many countries around the world, your UK 4G Smartphone won't necessarily work wherever you go. The reason is that 4G doesn't operate on the same frequencies in every country.

What are 4G frequency bands?

Technology	Frequency        spectrum
3G	850MHz	900MHz	1900MHz	2100MHz
4G	800MHz	1800MHz	2600MHz
Wi-Fi	2400MHz	5000MHz
Bluetooth	2400MHz

What is 4G coverage?

EE says it will provide 4G coverage in a total of 10 UK cities at launch, with 16 switched on by Christmas. The firm says it means 20 million users will be able to get the faster speeds before the year is over. The lucky cities to get 4G before the rest of the country are:

Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester and Sheffield.

4G improvements than 3G:

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