Orthogonality of OFDM In Wireless Communications

 

Orthogonality of OFDM

Wireless Communications


In OFDM, the spectra of subcarriers overlap but remain orthogonal to each other.
This means that at the maximum of each subcarrier spectrum, all the spectra of other subcarriers are zero. 
The receiver samples data symbols on individual subcarriers at the maximum points and demodulates them free from any interference from the other subcarriers and hence no ICI. 
The orthogonality of subcarriers can be viewed in either the time domain or in frequency domain.
From the time domain perspective, each subcarrier is a sinusoid with an integer number of cycles within one FFT interval. From the frequency domain perspective, this corresponds to each subcarrier having the maximum value at its own center frequency and zero at the center frequency of each of the other subcarriers.


  
Fig .1 shows the spectrum of an individual data subcarrier. The OFDM signal multiplexes in the individual spectra with frequency spacing equal to the transmission bandwidth of each subcarrier.

Fig.2 shows that at the center frequency of each subcarrier, there is no cross talk from other channels. 
Therefore, if a receiver performs correlation with the center frequency of each subcarrier, it can recover the transmitted data without any cross talk.
In addition, using the DFT-based multicarrier technique, frequency division multiplexing is achieved by baseband processing rather than the bandpass processing. 

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Orthogonality of OFDM In Single Cell Systems  intro to Orthogonality of OFDM In Cellular Systems 1st & 2nd Generations  2nd Generation Standards Orthogonality of OFDM In Phases
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